Today business sphere develops extremely quickly, which makes companies communicate with their customer audience in order to promote a particular product. Such actions are seen as marketing. Their utilization allows various organizations to induce behavioral change and increase profit in such way. However, the focus of marketing tends to alter...
Introduction In the current business environment where fixed budgets and even tighter turnarounds have become the norm of the day, effective supply chain management has become a key requirement for any business that wants to remain relevant. Improving the supply chain process makes the business more effective, efficient, and convenient...
Introduction The United States of America as well as other global economies went through a financial crisis. Many businesses could not perform well and banks lost funds due to changes in the interest rates. The level of unemployment was high and many families could no longer own homes because of...
Introduction Islam is the second-largest religion after Christianity. It is also the fastest growing with members joining it every day. Being a Muslim means abiding by the set rules as governed by the holy teachings. One of the components of religion is the belief in Sharia laws, which are the...
The management plays an important role in the implementation of decisions that are made by the organization. During decision making sessions every member is requested to give his/her voice concerning the issue at hand. Later, the decisions are allocated priorities and the one that is ranked highest is considered first....
The firm will rely on independent retailers to sell its products to different consumers in the market. It will be important for the firm to pursue a distribution strategy that helps it build beneficial relationships with other entities which have operations in different parts of the country. If possible, the...
Total quality management is a principle that has become very important in modern management practices. This has a major influence on how internal operations and systems within an organization are structured. Quality management practices are implemented so as to provide customers with high-quality products which satisfy their needs and expectations....
Jordan company statement of cash flow Net profit for the year 141, 000 Add: depreciation 54,000 195,000 Cash flow from operating activity Gain from sale of investment (8000) (8000) Cash flow from investing activity (126,000) Proceed from sale of investment 51,500 Total cash flow from investing (74,500) Cash flow from...
Introduction The nature of the event industry is multifaceted, which requires organisers to develop interactive strategies to satisfy the needs of visitors using various creative but focused approaches. For instance, trying to acquire significant benefit while organising large-scale events without the appropriate focus on its content, intended impact and public...
Executive Summary Enterprise risk management (ERM) remains an essential tool to many organizations. ERM started primarily to aid financial risk administration but later transferred to various sectors, businesses, and governments due to its vast versatility. Its key strength is the extensiveness in allowing further integration of every perceived risk to...
Definition This is an administrative bookkeeping method, which illustrates the use of all the fixed and variable costs inclusive of manufacturing costs to calculate the total cost per minute. It includes the costs incurred during the calculation of the amount of money required to generate and dispense one unit of...
Breakeven point is a very crucial factor in any business due to the importance of its applications. To begin with, breakeven analysis is used to determine the profits that can be earned from a product. It is important to note that the ultimate aim of any firm is to make...
Saudi is an oil producing country. Production and export of oil is the major economic activity of the country. The economy heavily relies on fiscal policies to stimulate the economy. The government focuses on spending on education and health care. There is also use of monetary policies. This focuses on...
The success and rapid growth of Wal-Mart can in part be attributed to the management control system implemented in this corporation. Close attention should be paid to the structure of this system and the main processes that are involved in it. To a great extent, the models adopted by the...
Financial ratios are vital measures used to assess the different elements of the business, which ensures its survival and profitability. The financial ratios adopted by small business owners are similar to those critical for a large corporation but have different importance for both business structures. The main financial ratios highly...
According to Amadeo (2012), treasury bills, bonds and notes are some are among the safest investments. Treasury bills, bonds and notes are marketable securities that a government sells in an effort to settle debts or raise cash to run its affairs. For that reason, they are backed by the government....
Introduction This paper’s discussion will be about the organizational philosophy that defines Wal-Mart’s organizational structure based on the contingency theory. The contingency theory provides a framework that defines Wal-Mart’s organizational structure and design. Wal-Mart’s organizational design, performance, relationship with the internal and external environment, and exceptional growth in performance both...
The history of the United States of America on taxation began immediately after the country gained independence from the British government. A federal tax system that is similar to that of England was developed. The tariffs become the principal revenue-raising authority soon after the independence. In 1789, the constitution of...
Roles played by speculators and hedger in the derivatives market Derivatives play a vital role in risk management; nevertheless, they also create a threat to the financial market and economy stability. The forward rate agreements (FRAs), Swaps, Future contracts and options are examples of derivative instruments (Dodd, 2001). These instruments...
Introduction In making investment decisions, cash flows are considered to be more important than accounting profits. This is from a financial management’s point of view. Any company will invest its finances for the sake of deriving a return, which is useful for four main reasons. One of them is to...
Introduction Relationships between companies and their management, shareholders, board members, and other stakeholders are important in defining corporate governance. Globalization has in the recent past led to an intensified emphasis on corporate governance. Most companies are shifting their focus to ensure that corporate governance encompasses both the controllers and shareholders....
Abstract The purpose this study is to developing a framework for customer relationship management (CRM) in the UAE banking industry. The study will focus on the best practice example frameworks from foreign institutions taking into considerations the local conditions in UAE to develop CRM that ensures greater outcomes to the...
Introduction The International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) is a principal set of bookkeeping standards adopted by nations worldwide. IFRS was established by the International Accounting Standards Board (IABS). This is an international standard for the preparation of financial statements of public industries. IFRS adoption is remarkably widespread with about 113...
Introduction The late 1940s marks the beginning of growth of Singapore Airlines that was a result of joint venture between the Malaysian government and businesspersons in Singapore. According to Singapore Airlines (2011), “the partnership between Malaysia and Singapore in the airline ended in divorce in 1972 and Singapore established Singapore...
Expected (average) return The expected return is the “estimation of the value of an investment, including the change in price and any payments or dividends calculated from a probability distribution curve of all possible rates of return” (Davidson, 2011). The rate of return for investment depends on the level of...
Abstract The paper describes the meaning of IFRS, GAAP and convergence as well as the impacts of the convergence to the public companies, accounting firms, small and medium companies. It further addresses the significant differences and similarities of IFRS and GAAP and their impacts on the financial statements. Finally, the...
The following essay is a comparison of the article “Process Outsourcing Benefits” written by Duran and Duran and the article “Fair Exchange: Who Benefits from Outsourcing?” written by Barrera. The articles talk about the outsourcing of services by companies that operate in developed nations to those companies that are found...
Saudi Arabia presents an important case for studying inflation as the country has an extremely open economy with almost no restrictions on the movement of funds and goods. As the Saudi government undertook an ambitious project of boosting up the infrastructure with the earning from high oil prices in the...
Introduction On 1st June 2011, the Basel III standard was finalized, which is the basis for a regulatory framework aimed at ensuring that in future global banks have adequate capital as this is a critical step in averting a recurrence of the global financial crisis witnessed in 2007 and 2008....
Introduction Acquisition refers to buying another firm so as to add to the firm’s strengths and also reduce its weaknesses (Henry, 2002). The merger is the same as an acquisition but it mostly refers to the process of combining two firms’ interests into one huge company which facilitates the growth...
An exchange market is literally a place where money is traded and the exchange rate is determined for different currencies in the world. The main function of the foreign exchange market is to determine the prices at which goods and services of one country should be sold to another country....
What is the stock market? When a company needs to raise money, it has two options: it could either borrow money, or sell part of its shares in the stock market. Borrowing money is known in economic circles as debt financing while selling shares is known as equity financing. The...
Every country has a monetary system that is put in place by the government. A monetary system refers to a set of mechanisms that are put in place by the government in order to supply money or provide cash to the country’s economy. A monetary system is a term used...
Introduction The current US tax system requires that corporate be taxed 35 percent, though most corporate manage to go around this figure by maximizing on the international tax loopholes. This may not be a bad thing, since such high rates of tax could stifle the US economic growth. Since most...
In recent decades, creditors and investors are increasingly relying on financial ratios released by firms to analyze fundamental information about the organizations’ financial position, performance and health (Malikova & Brabec, 2012). This paper evaluates four financial ratios, namely asset turnover ratio, debt ratio, return on capital employed and acid test...
Introduction Occupational health and safety is a very important topic in any work place, because of its relevance in ensuring that the company or the employer provides a safe environment for the workforce. This also forms part of an organisation’s corporate responsibility and it also has a bearing on employee’s...
The US dollar has been in circulation since the 1600s before America became the United States. When the dollar first started circulating, the United States was still a collection of colonies that relied on various monetary standards. Nevertheless, the paper dollar was first used in the Massachusetts colony to bankroll...
What is Redbox? Redbox is a company that specializes in the provision of rental DVDs, video games, and Blue-ray discs. The company sells its products through automated rental kiosks. In 2010, the company was ranked as fastest growing rental retailer in the United States by Business Week (“ Redbox Plots...
Introduction This review gives a summary and evaluation of the article “The pyramid of corporate social responsibility: Toward the moral management of organizational stakeholders” by Archie B. Carroll. This article provides a better understanding of corporate social responsibility (CSR) based on the four levels of business and societal affiliation (Carroll,...
Background to Study The efficiency of stock markets is an issue that elicited massive research for several decades as investors try to find ways of maximizing the value of their money in the securities exchange market. While a section of the researchers have argued that stock markets are efficient, meaning...
Executive Summary The primary goal of the paper is to understand the influence of the credit crisis on the financial market liquidity. In this instance, its impact on the inactivity of the debt markets, interest rates, and IPOs were analyzed. The literature review was used as a primary research tool...
The model summary (Table 1) presents relevant coefficients, which describe how the regression of the model fits the data analyzed. From the table, it is evident that the independent variable, salary per day, and the independent variables, namely, attractiveness, experience, and age, have a multiple correlation coefficient of 0.429. The...
Introduction The term ‘balanced economic growth’ denotes an economic state where a developing country’s investments in various sectors are sustainable. The microeconomic theory of any firm assumes that balanced economic growth can be related to supply-side policies, factor inputs, and technology. In fact, it is almost impossible to address the...
Decision-making process entails handling complex situations. Kahneman (1982) describes it as a cognitive practice to prefer an alternate among numerous potential substitute scenarios. Decisions cannot be made by entirely depending on one’s resources. According to Kahneman (1982), failure to plan before making decisions may be very devastating to a person....
Introduction: Market Characteristics The market in question can be characterised by rather high rates of saturation. A closer look at the existing large companies and the competition rates will reveal that our company will have to operate in an oligopoly market. Indeed, the latter is dominated by several major companies,...
Financial markets of Oman and KSA As an integral part of global economy, the uncertainties in the Europe and the USA have seriously impacted the financial market trends of Saudi Arabia and Oman along with their stock market, although the oil producing economy kept remarkable sustainability in the balance of...
Introduction “Capital budgeting is a planning process used to determine whether an organization’s long term investment projects are worth the funding of cash through the firm’s capitalization structure (debt, equity or retained earnings)” (Gervais, Heaton & Odean, 2011, p. 1737). Resources are naturally scarce. Therefore, proper allocation should be done....
Introduction In an article published in 1992, Fama and French sought to establish the validity of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). Their study was titled ‘Rethinking Stock Returns’. In essence, capital asset pricing is the first model used in the valuation of assets held by business entities. The framework...
Important consideration The basic considerations in capital budgeting decisions are: Time value of money: According to this factor, a dollar received today is valued highly compared with a dollar to be earned in the future (Bierman & Smidt, 2007). The logic is that a dollar currently held can earn interest...
The operating budget is a management tool for controlling the financial aspects of a firm. Although organizations prepare operating budgets annually, they can breakdown the budget preparation into either monthly or quarterly stages. The operating budget contains the revenues and expenses relating to everyday business activities in an organization. The...
Introduction Financial analysis involves the assessment of performance of a business. A business in this case can be a company, a firm, a corporation or a financial institution. In this paper, the aim will be to analyze the financial statements of Al Rajhi bank situated in Saudi Arabia. The analysis...
Abstract The report offers the general idea and understanding of an administrative agency at the federal level. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has been used the case study. The report discusses the meaning and purpose of creating an administrative agency. The enabling Act that initiated the creation of the agency...
Introduction Financial crises are some of the worst intractable global occurrences. The crises always differ in scale but rather exhibit similar effects on the affected populations and economies. The Global Financial Crisis (GFC) is arguably the most infamous financial crisis in recent times, only comparable to the Great Depression of...
Executive Summary The treatise estimated the present value of Coca-Cola Company. Coca-Cola Company is a multinational company that operates in the beverage industry. An overview of the financial statement shows that there was a general improvement in the financial performance of the company since 2010. The economy of the United...
Essential features of a cost-volume-profit income statement The cost-volume-profit income statement is critical in the decision-making of a business. This type of income statement differs from the other type of statements used to report profits. This statement of income has numerous features that distinguish it as a tool used in...
Dubai Islamic Bank Financial Analysis for the Fiscal Period that Ended on 30 September 2012 in AED’ 000. Liquidity Ratios Current Ratio = Total Current Assets / Total Current Liabilities Total current assets=93,050,371 Total current liabilities=70,490,459 Current ratio=93,050,371/70,490,459=132% A high liquidity ratio implies that the bank has more current assets...
Meeting Investment Prerequisites The decision to invest this money will be based on a carefully planned framework to provide concepts, tools, and techniques necessary to achieve financial and investment goals. The investor will clearly define and meet the investment prerequisites needed to take care of the basics of life such...
Introduction Numerous studies have put forward the government housing policy as the main cause of the 2008/2009 financial meltdown. In essence, the entire crunch occurred due to several factors, which were not addressed in time. For instance, the moves by the Bush Administration to enable middle-income earners own homes to...
Introduction Money market mutual fund refers to a mutual fund required by law to facilitate investments in low risk securities. The fund cushions investors from losses that result from credit, market and liquidity risks. Evidently, most companies prefer using money market fund because it has a lower level of risks...
Industry and company strategy analysis Burger King is the second largest fast food restaurant after McDonalds. The company is incorporated in the United States. The company has about 12,700 outlets in 73 outlets. It is a public company that trades on the New York Stock Exchange. A large percentage of...
Introduction The country risk analysis involves an evaluation of economic, political, and business risks of a particular country which may pose a significant influence on businesses. The county risk analysis is conducted to find out the risks associated with capital investment in a foreign country (Shapiro, 2009). Thus, in order...
Introduction Over the years, the banking industry has evolved to adapt to changes brought about by technological advances. The internet provided one such opportunity for the banking industry to develop e-commerce. Customers are increasingly demanding for managed relationships. E-commerce has driven the need for virtual banking that is dynamic, allowing...
Company overview Apple Inc. is a publicly listed American multinational company specializing in the production of high technology electronic products, computer hardware, and software (Apple Inc. 2010). Under the electronic hardware category, the company products include personal computers, media devices, mobile communication, and portable-digital music players. In addition to high-tech...
Introduction The core aspect of microfinance focuses on providing funding opportunities through loans or grants to marginalized people for investment into income generating activities and therefore, they become self-reliant (Rahim & Rahman, 2007). Many institutions, including the World Bank have identified microfinance models as potential solutions to poverty alleviation, addressing...
Four Basic Financial Statements Financial statements are the basic means of communicating crucial accounting information about a corporation to interested parties. The four main financial statements include the income statement, balance sheet, statement of cash flows and statement of retained earnings. Purpose of the Four Financial Statements The Balance Sheet...
About the companies Wm Morrison Supermarkets PLC William Morrison formed Wm Morrison Supermarkets in 1899. The company is based in the United Kingdom. It has engaged about 132,000 employees. As of 2012, the company’s revenue amounted to £18 billion and net income amounted to £949 million. The company is a...
Introduction The sporting industry is one of the fastest developing industries in the world. According to Kaser and Oelkers (2008), sports have been considered as entertainment other than investment. Sports have been in existence since time immemorial. This scholar holds that sporting events were organized to entertain the public and...
Assets The total assets of the company increased from $331,052 million in 2011 to $333,795 million in 2012. The increase in total assets amounted to $2,743 million. This is equivalent to a 0.8286% increase. The table presented below shows the composition of the assets. 2011 $ million 2012 $ million...
Several scholars have tried to understand customers’ preferences in selecting the banks (Islamic as well as conventional) to deal with. Different customers have different perspectives about Islamic banking, but the general idea remains the same. Such preferences differ from country to country due to the existing cultural, legal, and financial...
Customer needs Customer needs were put into consideration so that the product could have good sales. The needs were considered because all products are aimed at meeting customer needs (Lawson 2006; Lin, Wang, Chen & Chang, 2008; Sundin & Bras 2005). If customer needs are meat by-products, then the products...
Introduction Islamic finance is a financial system governed by the rules of the Holy Quran. According to its teachings, the only trustee of Allah’s wealth is human and, therefore, should be managed according to his commands. Islamic banks have been using the loss and profit-sharing principle. The Islamic finance system...
Portfolio risk A portfolio represents a combination of financial assets like bonds, cash equivalents, stocks including closed fund and mutual exchange equivalents. Although portfolios are in the hands of investors, they are managed by professionals operating within the financial sector. This professional management originates from the idea that in a...
Banks are the financial institutions that provide services of currency exchanging, deposits and other lending activities (Cecchetti & Schoenholtz, 2011). They are also responsible for portfolio management. In England, banks do not play a part in the determination of prices, this role lies on the Bank of England, which is...
Company Profile The Hershey Company is considered to be one of the leading chocolate and non-chocolate confectionery companies based in the US. The company’s head office is located at Hershey, PA. It has a corporate history of more than 100 years and it owns more than 80 brands. The company’s...
Abstract The financial crisis caused by the subprime house mortgage loans and several other financial and economic causes has had a severe negative impact on almost all the economies of the world. Banking and financial services were the worst hit sectors among other sectors affected by the financial crisis. The...
Introduction Two main types of banking models exist in the banking sector, viz. the conventional [commercial banks] and the Islamic banking patterns. Commercial banking operates based on a pure financial intermediation model. Consequently, the banks borrow from savers and they led to institutional and individual customers. Therefore, they “derive their...
The aim of the essay is to statistically test the PPP Theory. The theory is tested on the monthly inflation and exchange rate data derived for two countries, Turkey and the USA, from the OECD database (OECD). A simplified statistical analysis is used on monthly inflation and exchange rate data...
Executive Summary Islamic banking continues to be amongst the fastest expanding financial institution within the UAE banking industry. The fact is that Islamic banking has continued to operate for approximately over thirty years particularly in the Middle East. In UAE, Islamic banking accounts for over eighty percent of the total...
Abstract Wal-Mart is regarded as one of the biggest and most popular companies in the world (Basker, 2007). The company specializes in the retail industry and has stores across the United States. Wal-Mart Stores’ management is organized into three major structures. One of the structures is the office of the...
Introduction The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) specifies the relationship between risk and the required rate of return on assets when they are held in well-diversified portfolios. It assumes that investors are rational and they choose among alternative portfolios based on each portfolio’s expected return and standard deviation. Furthermore, the...
Introduction This review presents a summary and evaluation of the article “Reinvent Capitalism –and Unleash a Wave of Innovation and Growth” by Michael E. Porter and Mark R. Kramer Michael E. Porter and Mark R. Kramer. The main purpose of the review is to assess the effectiveness of the proposed...
The reported financial statements of the company do not give an in depth view of the financial strengths and weaknesses of the company. Further, the reported statements may not allow users to compare the results of the company with those of other companies in the same industry. This calls for...
Executive Summary Multinational corporations are known all over the globe because of their strong presence in almost all the continents. However, penetrating these markets has not been an easy ride for these corporations. Due to these obstacles, multinational corporations use different strategies to access global markets. The strategies used principally...
Any company highly values human capital which is the most important input into day-to-day operations of the firm. It is the responsibility of the management to ensure that each and every employee is satisfied with the conditions of work so that the employee can deliver to the maximum. As a...
Executive Summary The global economy has proved that countries are interdependent and not closed economies. Thereby, the economic advancement of one country often depends on how a given country interacts with another country. Investors who have embraced capitalism and the mobility of funds across borders can invest across borders, therefore,...
The single biggest positive impact that accurate accounting can have on an organization In cost accounting, accountants have the role of planning, designing, and controlling strategies that assist in making quality decisions on costing, pricing, budgeting, inventory management, and profit management. Other than operational decision-making, they are expected to come...
Introduction Wal-Mart is a US-based public limited company that runs several discount stores across the globe. The retail store giant was started in 1962 and by 1972; its shares were floated on the New York stock exchange (Soderquist, 2005, p. 1). Currently, Wal-Mart’s headquarter is in Bentonville, Arkansas, and it...
Introduction The latest economic crisis that resulted from a subprime crisis showed how several factors could affect the ability of banks to maintain their finances under stress. The consequence of an increase in the U.S interest rates and the falling house prices (the subprime mortgage rates) significantly augmented, leading to...
First, we have oil prices. Since Saudi Arabia leads in the production and exportation of oil, the Saudi economy can easily be affected by any fluctuations in oil prices. Apart from affecting the nation’s economic growth, the effect will also be experienced at the Stock market. The stock prices will...
Introduction Islamic banking has nowadays become a viable alternative to conventional banking system for believers and non-believers of Islamic faith. Islamic banking system was initially developed to cater for the needs of Muslims. However, it has expanded to provide services beyond the scope it was originally developed for (Venados, 2006,...
Introduction Human resource management entails overseeing the recruitment of employees and once they have been brought on board their performance has to be monitored. The performance of an employee is gauged by looking at their output. Human resource management as a field has embraced technology because it helps to eliminate...
Introduction In our lives, we are faced with many scenarios where we have to work as a team. In this team environment, the individual members have to carry out various tasks so as to achieve predetermined goals. Recently, I was a member of a team of 5 people and we...
Introduction Islamic finance is one of the most effective financial organisations whose services and practices are characterised with high level of efficiency and effectiveness. The Islamic finance involves the process of restructuring the financial transactions in effort to satisfy the Islamic restrictions on practices of gambling and also the payment...
Audit risks and materiality have a significant effect when applying the Generally Accepted Auditing Standards. It is risky that an auditor may not appropriately modify his or her opinion because of material misrepresentation of financial statements by the client. The concept of materiality recognizes that some items are inherent in...
A country’s national income is used to measure the goods and services produced within a period of one year. The theory of national income illustrates how wealth flows within an economy. In addition, the theory of national income can be used to determine the size of a country’s economic activities....
Principle Since the early and mid 19th century economic recessions, few countries have been able to enjoy fully the proceeds of economic well being. Those that have achieved industrialization are a home for less than a fifth of the global population. China and India as against the United States over...
Introduction In the early 1990s, it was believed that in human development and ecological economic growth the supply of money was reflective of loss in well-being. To calculate a country’s growth trend, one has to get the calculations that involve its domestic output and expenditure. For one to get to...
Introduction In many countries, taxation forms a single leading source of government revenue for funding national budgets. Other non-tax revenue sources such as foreign grants play a comparatively less significant role in sustaining public budgets than the role played by taxation. In general, governments use taxation to meet two main...
Executive Summary This report presents the financial statement analysis for Country Road Limited (CTY) and the Reject Shop Limited (TRS) for two financial years alongside other significant information from the stock markets such as the stock price movements. Based on the analysis TRS is more risky than CTY, thus TRS...
Executive summary The recent uncertainties experienced by the financial markets have seen many investors shift their wealth from riskier investments to more secure ones where returns are guaranteed and predictable. The prices of stocks have declined with investors incurring massive losses in their investment values and losing confidence in the...